The Secret Society of the Skull and Bones
Unveiling Its History and Influence
Skull and Bones is a senior secret society at Yale University, known for its influential membership and mysterious traditions. Founded in 1832, it has included some of the most notable figures in American politics, business, and culture. The group’s secrecy and exclusive selection process fuel ongoing curiosity and speculation.
The society’s rituals, membership criteria, and impact on its members’ careers set it apart from other campus organizations. With high-profile politicians, business leaders, and even presidents counted among its ranks, Skull and Bones continues to be a topic of fascination and debate.
Its reputation for secrecy and power has invited public scrutiny, but many details about the group’s operations remain closely guarded. This reputation ensures that Skull and Bones maintains its place at the center of discussions about elite influence in American institutions.
Origins and History
The Skull and Bones society is one of the most recognized secret societies in the United States. Established in the 19th century, it became intertwined with the traditions and cultural identity of Yale University and contributed to a larger network of collegiate secret societies.
Founding of Skull and Bones
Skull and Bones was founded in 1832 at Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut. Its creation followed a dispute among several student debating societies, sparking the desire for a new kind of exclusive organization.
Two pivotal figures shaped its origins: William Huntington Russell and Alphonso Taft. They aimed to form a society that was distinct in secrecy, rituals, and membership selection.
The organization quickly distinguished itself from other college groups by adopting unique symbols, traditions, and meetings that were strictly confidential. This secretive nature became a central aspect of its identity and appeal.
Early Yale Connections
From its beginning, Skull and Bones operated closely with Yale’s senior student class. Membership was highly selective, consisting of just 15 new initiates each year, chosen for leadership, academic success, or social influence.
The society is headquartered in an imposing, windowless building on Yale’s campus known as the “Tomb.” This building has become a well-known landmark in New Haven and is central to the group’s identity.
Skull and Bones is privately owned and not officially managed by Yale University, although it has become an established part of Yale’s culture. Over time, its alumni have included influential figures in business, politics, and public service.
Expansion of Secret Societies
The success of Skull and Bones inspired the formation of other secret societies at Yale and across the Ivy League. By the late 1800s and early 1900s, Yale was home to several societies, some of which adopted similar initiations and secrecy.
Today, Yale hosts several “above-ground” senior societies, but Skull and Bones remains the most prominent. Its influence contributed to the proliferation of secret societies in American higher education, shaping social and networking structures among students.
These societies provided exclusive opportunities for personal growth, connections, and leadership development within the academic community. As a result, Yale became a central hub in the broader tradition of collegiate secret organizations in the United States.
Membership and Selection Process
Each year, Skull and Bones selects a small group of Yale juniors, known as "Bonesmen," for admission. The process is secretive, steeped in tradition, and has included several notable figures from American political and business life.
Eligibility Requirements
Applicants must be Yale undergraduates, specifically in their junior year, to be considered for selection. The society is known for seeking individuals who have demonstrated significant leadership or achievement in academics, campus activities, or sports.
Candidates are often nominated by current Bonesmen or tapped based on their unique qualities and potential to contribute to the society. Membership is limited to just 15 new members annually, making the group highly exclusive and competitive.
This limited enrollment ensures that only a select few are chosen out of the entire student body each year. The process values discretion, leadership capability, and a proven record of accomplishment at Yale.
Tap Day Tradition
The central event of the Skull and Bones membership process is "Tap Day." On this day in the spring, representatives from the society notify selected juniors of their invitation.
Tapping is a public but cryptic ritual. Members in formal attire approach their chosen candidates and tap them on the shoulder, signaling their selection. This tradition is designed to build suspense and reinforce the exclusivity of the society.
After the tap, students must decide whether to accept the invitation, joining an institution that has existed since 1832. Those who accept become known as "Bonesmen" and participate in a formal initiation ceremony, further sealing their bond.
Diversity and Notable Members
For most of its history, Skull and Bones restricted membership, admitting primarily white, male students from privileged backgrounds. Over time, the society has evolved, opening its doors to a broader mix of genders and backgrounds.
Notable Bonesmen have included three generations of the Bush family—Prescott Bush, George H. W. Bush, and George W. Bush—as well as politician John Kerry and adviser McGeorge Bundy. Their involvement has contributed to the club’s mystique and reputation for producing influential leaders.
While changes have occurred, the membership still represents a unique segment of Yale’s student body. Diversity efforts have made the society more reflective of the university community, but legacy and exclusivity remain central features.
Rituals and Initiation
Skull and Bones is known for holding closed-door ceremonies involving symbolic acts, specific roles, and exclusive artifacts. While full details remain private, enough accounts exist to describe many elements linked to its initiation process and traditions.
Initiation Ritual Overview
Initiation into Skull and Bones takes place in the society’s windowless building, “The Tomb,” on Yale’s campus. Each spring, a new group of selected seniors known as “Bonesmen” participate in rituals described as both elaborate and highly structured.
Accounts suggest participants may wear special robes and follow a fixed sequence of actions. Activities are intended to foster unity and commitment among members, often involving pledges of secrecy and sharing of personal experiences. Some reports claim initiates are assigned nicknames like "Long Devil" or "Little Devil," reflecting a tradition of symbolic roles.
Role of Secrecy
Secrecy is central to every aspect of Skull and Bones initiation and ritual life. Members agree to strict confidentiality, both to preserve the internal culture and protect the details of ceremonies.
The organization discourages discussion of rituals with outsiders. Information about events inside “The Tomb” is rarely confirmed by members, helping maintain an atmosphere of mystery. This secrecy builds a sense of trust among members and reinforces the society’s identity within Yale.
Symbols and Artifacts
The society is strongly associated with certain symbols and artifacts. Its most notable symbol is the skull and crossbones (often depicted with the number “322”), appearing on the building, official documents, and ritual regalia.
Artifacts such as old books, ceremonial swords, and the society’s own seal play roles in meetings and rites. Some reports mention Geronimo’s skull being part of the society’s collection, though this claim is disputed. These objects reinforce group identity and provide tangible connections to Skull and Bones’ history.
Symbol/Artifact Description Skull and Crossbones Main emblem of the society 322 Society’s identifying number Robes and Regalia Worn during initiation rituals Geronimo’s Skull Alleged, disputed artifact
Magog and Boaz
Within Skull and Bones, the names Magog and Boaz refer to key roles or titles assigned during rituals. Magog and Boaz are names historically taken from biblical references, specifically the pillars at the Temple of Solomon, symbolizing strength and stability.
In the context of the society, Magog and Boaz traditionally guide or lead the initiation process. They may preside over meetings and act as liaisons between new initiates and more senior members. Assigning these roles is part of the order’s tradition and supports the continuity of ritual structure across generations.
The Tomb: Skull and Bones Headquarters
The Skull and Bones “Tomb” stands as the central gathering place and private headquarters for the society in New Haven. Its presence and contents have been the subject of speculation, focusing attention on both its design and the artifacts inside.
Architecture and Significance
Located on High Street in New Haven, the Tomb is recognized for its imposing, windowless sandstone construction. The building’s facade is stark, symmetrical, and deliberately nondescript, emphasizing secrecy and exclusivity.
Architectural elements include thick granite or brownstone walls and a fortified, locked entrance. There are no outward signs, windows, or names—only a single door, contrasting with other Yale buildings’ ornate designs.
The Tomb dates to 1856 and symbolizes the exclusivity of Skull and Bones. Its isolated nature underscores a deep commitment to privacy and tradition. Members and initiates meet here away from public view, allowing for private rituals and society business to occur undisrupted.
Artifacts and Mysteries
Inside the Tomb, numerous rumors circulate about the items and symbols the society possesses. Lists from public sources and reports from rare visitors mention skulls, antlers, old documents, and even rumored relics pertaining to famous historical figures.
Decorations include memorabilia from previous classes, heavy furniture, and Bonesian regalia. Notable objects are said to include a skull and crossbones motif, flags, and antique photographs. Some accounts detail a central meeting chamber adorned with portraits and memorabilia, while others reference hidden passageways or secret rooms.
The contents remain largely unconfirmed due to restricted access. This secrecy fuels ongoing speculation about the true nature and purpose of the Tomb’s interior.
Notable Members and Influence
Members of Skull and Bones have gone on to hold significant leadership roles in national politics, media, and academia. The society’s influence is seen not just in elected office but also in shaping public discourse and thought through education and journalism.
Presidents and Political Figures
Several high-profile American politicians have been Skull and Bones members. William Howard Taft, the 27th President of the United States, was initiated in 1878. He remains the only person to serve both as President and Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.
The Bush family has had three generations of Bonesmen. Prescott Bush, a U.S. Senator, was followed by his son, George H. W. Bush, the 41st President, and then by his grandson, George W. Bush, the 43rd President. Another notable political figure, John Kerry, the former Secretary of State and 2004 Democratic presidential nominee, was also a member.
These relationships have led to speculation about club networks influencing American politics. While evidence of direct influence varies, the concentration of leadership among members is noteworthy.
Media and Academia
Skull and Bones has counted several influential journalists, academics, and publishers among its ranks. William F. Buckley Jr. founded National Review and became a leading conservative commentator. Alexandra Robbins, a journalist and author, has written extensively about the society itself.
In higher education, William Sloane Coffin and other Bonesmen have shaped discourse as professors, deans, or university presidents. William H. Donaldson, former SEC Chairman, also influenced financial regulation and policy.
Members in media have often used their platforms to shape public opinion. Bonesmen’s presence in both journalism and academia demonstrates an ongoing pattern of engagement at the highest levels of American thought leadership.
Controversies and Conspiracy Theories
Skull and Bones has been the subject of widespread speculation for decades. Critics often point to the organization's powerful alumni and secretive practices, fueling debates about its influence and purpose.
Connection to Government and Intelligence
Many prominent Skull and Bones members have moved into high-profile government roles, including presidents, senators, and officials within the CIA. This close network of influence raises questions about favoritism or coordinated efforts within political and intelligence sectors.
For example, both President George H.W. Bush and Senator John Kerry were members, leading to speculation during election years. Further, some claim former Bonesmen played advisory or leadership roles in significant historical projects, such as the Manhattan Project.
While there is no direct evidence linking Skull and Bones to covert government actions, the repeated appearance of its members in sensitive positions continues to provoke suspicion. Lists and timelines of alumni often highlight this unusual concentration of power.
Notable Members Political/Intelligence Roles George H.W. Bush President, CIA Director John Kerry Senator, Secretary of State William F. Buckley Jr. CIA Agent
Illuminati and New World Order Claims
Skull and Bones is frequently mentioned in conspiracy theories that tie it to the Illuminati or the so-called New World Order. These theories suggest that the society is part of a hidden network controlling global affairs.
Proponents cite the group's secrecy and rituals as evidence, claiming symbolic links with the Illuminati. Allegations of involvement in events like the Kennedy assassination occasionally surface, usually based on speculation rather than proof.
Despite the lack of credible evidence, such claims remain persistent. The club's enduring mystery, combined with the high status of its members, keeps these stories circulating in popular culture and online discussions. Bold voices within conspiracy circles continue to name Skull and Bones alongside global control organizations.
Artifacts and the Geronimo Legend
The tale of Geronimo's remains and their connection to the Skull and Bones society has fueled speculation for decades. Historical events, legal action, and the public’s fascination with secret societies all contribute to the endurance of this legend.
Origins of the Geronimo Skull Myth
Stories about Geronimo’s skull began circulating in the early 20th century. Legend claims that when Geronimo died in 1909 and was buried at Fort Sill, Oklahoma, members of Skull and Bones allegedly stole his skull and other remains nine years later.
The society, founded at Yale University, is often linked to rumors about collecting artifacts or keepsakes from historical figures. Although the myth is well-known, concrete evidence has never surfaced proving the skull was actually taken.
Some researchers point to letters and society memorabilia referencing Geronimo, but these documents remain ambiguous. The story persists largely due to Skull and Bones’ reputation for secrecy and ritual.
Legal Disputes and Fort Sill
In 2009, descendants of Geronimo filed a lawsuit in an attempt to have his remains returned. The case named the U.S. government, Yale University, and the Skull and Bones society as defendants. The descendants’ goal was to reclaim the remains from Fort Sill and, if necessary, from society members if taken.
The basis for the lawsuit included federal laws protecting Native American graves, such as the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA). The family argued that the removal of Geronimo’s remains violated these protections.
Ned Anderson, a former chairman of the San Carlos Apache Tribe, played a prominent role in efforts to uncover the truth. Despite multiple investigations and legal attempts, authorities at Fort Sill maintain there is no evidence that Geronimo’s grave was disturbed.
Public Perception
The idea of a prestigious secret society possessing Geronimo’s skull remains a subject of public fascination. Media coverage and popular accounts often emphasize the sensational aspects of the story, even in the absence of proof.
For many, the legend highlights ongoing issues of respect for Native American heritage and the rights of descendants. Public response has included calls for transparency from both Yale and the U.S. military.
Key points often discussed in the public arena:
The lack of conclusive evidence linking Skull and Bones to Geronimo’s remains
The continuing legal and ethical debates
The lasting impact of the myth on Skull and Bones’ secretive image
Society Life and Traditions
The Skull and Bones society is recognized for its structured traditions, close-knit membership, and unique alumni support. Its activities often center on secrecy and bonding, with certain locations and events playing distinct roles in the group’s culture.
Annual Events and Gatherings
Each year, Skull and Bones holds formal gatherings intended to reinforce connections among current members and alumni. The most significant of these is the spring “Tap Day,” when new senior members, or “Bonesmen,” are selected in a confidential ceremony.
Meetings are typically held at the society’s tomb-like building on Yale’s campus. These gatherings feature ritualistic elements, formal dinners, and speeches by both students and alumni. Strict confidentiality is upheld regarding details of the rituals, but the customs are designed to foster loyalty and a sense of exclusivity among members.
Smaller informal events are also organized, allowing alumni to connect with new initiates. Attendance at these occasions is seen as part of a lifelong commitment to the fraternity.
Deer Island Retreat
One distinct tradition involves retreats to Deer Island, a private island owned by the society, located on the St. Lawrence River. This island serves as a secluded destination where members can relax, bond further, and escape the pressures of academic and public life at Yale.
Deer Island facilities are not luxurious but are designed for privacy and group unity. Members participate in discussions, recreational activities, and group projects meant to build camaraderie. The retreats are typically organized during the summer and sometimes involve alumni, making it a rare venue for multigenerational interaction.
Boat transportation is usually required to reach the island, enhancing its feeling of isolation. Over time, Deer Island has become a symbolic space for Bonesmen to reinforce tradition and discuss society matters away from outside scrutiny.
Support Networks
Membership in Skull and Bones comes with access to an extensive support network extending beyond Yale. Alumni, who include influential figures in politics, business, and the arts, often provide mentorship, career advice, and introductions to opportunities.
The society’s support operates both formally and informally. Organized networking events, reference letters, and career guidance are common forms of assistance. Bonesmen are known to maintain communication long after graduation.
Connections forged within the society are highly valued, not just for career advancement but also for personal growth. This enduring network has become one of the society’s most consistent features and a key attraction for new members.
Cultural Depictions and Legacy
Skull and Bones has consistently attracted intrigue for its exclusive membership and influence at Yale. Its prominence has led to numerous portrayals in media and strong associations with power and secrecy.
Representation in Film and Media
The secretive nature of Skull and Bones has inspired several notable works in film and literature. The 2000 movie The Skulls presents a fictionalized version, depicting the society as central to conspiracy and manipulation. Actor Paul Giamatti played a supporting role, grounding the narrative in realism despite its dramatized plot.
Books such as Alexandra Robbins’ Secrets of the Tomb shed light on the society’s history and members, exploring myths and factual connections to U.S. elites. In documentaries and TV specials, especially on channels like Sundance, Skull and Bones is often depicted as emblematic of Ivy League secrecy. These representations reinforce perceptions of the society’s cultural power, contributing further to public fascination.
Impact on Popular Culture
Public awareness of Skull and Bones extends beyond Yale, shaping conversations about privilege and influence in American society. Lists highlighting famous members—such as William F. Buckley, George H.W. Bush, and John Kerry—frequently appear in discussions about networking and elite circles.
References to Skull and Bones are common in books, podcasts, and online forums that discuss secret societies, sometimes blending fact with speculation. The society serves as a model for fictional secret groups in various stories. These portrayals contribute to ongoing public debates about exclusivity, tradition, and power, ensuring Skull and Bones’ enduring legacy in popular culture.
Organizational Structure and Finances
Skull and Bones operates with a legal and financial framework distinct from its Yale University origins. Ownership and management of the society’s assets are handled through established entities.
Russell Trust Association
The Russell Trust Association (RTA) is the primary legal entity managing Skull and Bones' operations and finances. Founded in the 19th century, RTA acts as the trustee for all society property and funds.
RTA is a tax-exempt organization. It handles membership records, real estate transactions, and banking. Members and alumni contribute donations, which are used to maintain buildings, host events, and fund ongoing society operations. RTA also files required public documents such as IRS Form 990, providing some transparency into its finances.
The association is governed by a board, usually made up of society alumni. This structure helps keep control within a small group while maintaining continuity.
Property Holdings
Skull and Bones is known for "The Tomb," its iconic windowless meeting hall located on Yale’s campus. The building is owned and maintained by the Russell Trust Association, not Yale University itself.
RTA also owns ancillary properties, including private land in and around New Haven. These sites are often used for events, archives, and society activities.
Key holdings include:
The Tomb: Main meeting place since 1856
Deer Island: A private island reportedly used for retreats
Residential properties: Utilized for society functions or accommodations
Property maintenance, renovations, and security are financed through society funds managed by RTA. Ownership through a trust shields these properties from public scrutiny and reinforces the society’s privacy.
