The Curse of the Black Prince’s Ruby in the Crown Jewels
History, Mystery, and Legends
The so-called “Black Prince’s Ruby” in the British Crown Jewels is believed by some to carry a curse, surrounded by stories of misfortune linked to its long and dramatic history. Despite its name, the gemstone at the center of these tales is not a ruby but a large spinel, which only adds to its reputation as the “Great Impostor.” For centuries, it has passed through the hands of rulers and survived battles, intrigue, and upheaval in Europe.
Whispers about its alleged curse have been fueled by the tragedies and violence that followed several of its owners. The Black Prince’s Ruby’s journey from the East to England is marked with legends of betrayal, murder, and royal drama, making it one of the most talked-about stones in the regalia.
Today, the gemstone sits in the Imperial State Crown, drawing curiosity not only for its remarkable color and size but also for the ominous stories attached to it. Whether an unlucky talisman or simply a witness to the turbulence of history, it continues to intrigue those fascinated by the mysteries of royal jewels.
The Black Prince’s Ruby: An Overview
The Black Prince’s Ruby stands out among the British Crown Jewels for its striking appearance, unusual history, and notable place in gemstone lore. Although known for centuries as a ruby, this remarkable jewel is actually a spinel with a reputation as both a treasure and an imposter.
Physical Characteristics and Origins
The Black Prince’s Ruby is a large, irregular cabochon-cut red spinel weighing approximately 170 carats (about 34 grams). Its size and vibrant blood-red color make it one of the most prominent stones in the Crown Jewels.
Unlike faceted gems, the Black Prince’s Ruby has a smooth, polished surface and an uneven shape. This red spinel was once mistaken for a true ruby, a misconception common before modern gemological techniques. The stone is believed to have originated from mines in Central or South Asia, regions famous for their deposits of precious stones during the Middle Ages.
Its journey through history has included royal ownership, conquest, and bloodshed, contributing to its reputation as a famous jewel with a dramatic past.
Significance Within the Crown Jewels
Set in the center of the Imperial State Crown, the Black Prince’s Ruby is positioned above the Cullinan II diamond in the cross pattée. The stone draws attention not only for its size but also for its unique hue, which stands out among other gems in the Crown Jewels.
Historic records show that it was gifted to Edward of Woodstock, known as the "Black Prince," after a successful campaign in Spain during the 14th century. Since then, the stone has been worn by English monarchs during coronations and other key events.
Its enduring presence in the crown has contributed to its status as one of the most famous gemstones in British royal history, despite its true identity as a spinel rather than a ruby.
Comparison With Other Famous Rubies
Unlike many renowned rubies, the Black Prince’s Ruby is not technically a ruby at all but a red spinel. This distinction places it apart from gems like the Burmese rubies, which are valued for their purity, color, and crystalline perfection.
While other famous rubies such as the Rosser Reeves Ruby and the Sunrise Ruby are prized for their clarity and rich, uniform color, the Black Prince's Ruby is admired for its immense size and historical significance rather than gemstone quality. It is often included in lists of famous jewels due to its royal connections and storied past.
A comparison table of select famous red gems:
Name Type Approximate Weight Origin Notable Feature Black Prince’s Ruby Spinel 170 carats Central/South Asia Part of Crown Jewels Sunrise Ruby Ruby 25 carats Myanmar World-record auction price Rosser Reeves Ruby Ruby 138 carats Sri Lanka Noted for star effect
Historical Journey of the Black Prince’s Ruby
The Black Prince’s Ruby has traveled through tumultuous chapters of European history and was owned by several influential rulers. This stone is deeply connected to royal intrigue, battles, and shifting power.
Acquisition by Edward of Woodstock
Edward of Woodstock, also known as the Black Prince, received the gemstone in 1367.
The stone originally belonged to Abu Said, Sultan of Granada, who was killed during conflicts with Don Pedro of Castile. Don Pedro, taking the ruby from the deceased Sultan, later gifted it to Edward as a reward for his military support in reclaiming the Castilian throne.
Edward’s acquisition of the ruby marked its entry into English royal possession. Contemporary records identify its fiery red color, which was highly prized among medieval European nobility. This significant transfer shaped the ruby’s legendary status, attaching it to stories of violence and loyalty.
Role During the 14th and 17th Centuries
During the late 14th century, the Black Prince’s Ruby became part of the regalia of Richard II, Edward’s son. The gemstone remained with the crown through numerous dramatic events, including the usurpation of Richard II by Henry IV. Evidence suggests the ruby adorned the helmet of Henry V during the Battle of Agincourt in 1415, symbolizing both royal prestige and battlefield valor.
In the 17th century, the gemstone resurfaced during the reign of Charles I. Seized by Parliament during the English Civil War, it narrowly avoided irreversible loss when the monarchy was briefly abolished. After the Restoration, Charles II restored the piece to royal regalia, ensuring its continued prominence.
Transfers Through Monarchs and Empires
The Black Prince’s Ruby traversed the hands of several monarchs, each adding to its complex legacy.
The stone passed from Edward of Woodstock to Richard II, then through turbulent years to Henry IV and subsequent Lancastrian and Yorkist kings, including Richard III. During the Stuart period, it was held by King James I and later James II, reinforcing its status among the most iconic Crown Jewels. Its presence at pivotal moments—civil strife, restorations, and coronations—demonstrates how its symbolism evolved with each regime.
A simple timeline of holders:
Monarch Era Notable Events Edward of Woodstock 14th century Initial acquisition Richard II late-14th century Added to royal regalia Henry V 15th century Battle of Agincourt Charles I / Charles II 17th century Civil War and Restoration James I / James II 17th century Stuart Dynasty possession
Each transfer added new historical and symbolic layers to the Black Prince’s Ruby, entrenching its position in British royal tradition.
Legends and the Cursed Legacy
Stories of the Black Prince’s Ruby are tied to accounts of violence and loss, echoing rumors that surround several other infamous cursed gems. The gem has witnessed regimes rise and fall, and its supposed misfortunes add a layer of mystique and caution to its legacy.
Origins of the Curse
The tale of the Black Prince’s Ruby begins in 14th-century Spain, with Don Pedro of Castile’s seizure of the blood-red stone from the Sultan of Granada. Its turbulent acquisition set the stage for its reputation as a cursed jewel.
According to legend, the gem changed hands through betrayal and murder. Some claimed a curse followed it wherever it went, fueled by the violence linked to its legacy.
Unlike gems such as the Black Orlov diamond, which is said to have been stolen from a Hindu goddess’s statue, there are no strong accounts tying the Black Prince’s Ruby to religious origins. Its lore is instead rooted in historical conflict and personal vendetta.
Its place in the Crown Jewels only heightened its reputation for misfortune, as stories linked its possession to political intrigue and royal scandals.
Tragedies and Misfortunes Attributed to the Gem
Many believe the Black Prince’s Ruby has brought misfortune to its owners, including murder and betrayal. Don Pedro, one of its earliest known possessors, was assassinated.
The stone survived attempted thefts, attacks, and national crises, such as the English Civil War, giving rise to tales of a curse. The fact that it sits front and center in the Imperial State Crown has not stopped rumors of ongoing bad luck for British royalty.
Other famed cursed gems, like the Delhi Purple Sapphire and Black Orlov diamond, are connected with mysterious deaths and personal catastrophes. The Black Prince’s Ruby is instead tied mostly to political upheaval, violent conflicts, and the personal downfall of prominent holders.
These events, whether caused by coincidence or not, have solidified the jewel’s reputation as an object of dark fascination.
The Black Prince’s Ruby in the British Crown Jewels
The Black Prince’s Ruby is one of the most recognizable gems in the British Crown Jewels. Its unique appearance and historical origins make it a focal point in the regalia of the British monarchy.
Placement in the Imperial State Crown
The Black Prince’s Ruby is set in the front cross pattée of the Imperial State Crown, positioned prominently above the Cullinan II diamond. This placement ensures the stone is highly visible when worn.
Weighing about 170 carats (34 grams), the gem is not actually a ruby—it is a large, blood-red spinel. Its irregular cabochon cut and size set it apart from other stones in the Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom.
The Imperial State Crown itself is one of the most important pieces among the royal jewels. It contains other notable gems, but the Black Prince’s Ruby draws special attention due to its size and vivid color. The stone’s location has remained unchanged through several remountings of the crown.
Role During Royal Ceremonies
The Imperial State Crown, containing the Black Prince’s Ruby, is worn by the British monarch at significant state occasions. These include the State Opening of Parliament and, previously, the coronations of British royals such as Queen Victoria and Queen Elizabeth II.
During these ceremonies, the gem’s position at the front ensures it is widely viewed by the public and symbolizes continuity in the monarchy. Official portraits and public appearances have often showcased the ruby, highlighting its status among the Crown Jewels.
The crown’s display, especially with the Black Prince’s Ruby in focus, is a visual reminder of centuries of royal tradition. It continues to connect current rulers with their predecessors, linking monarchs such as Queen Elizabeth I with the present era.
Moments of Drama and Survival
The Black Prince’s Ruby has witnessed centuries of violent events and royal transitions. Its presence during pivotal battles and threats to the British monarchy has contributed to its reputation for surviving turbulent moments in history.
The Battle of Agincourt and Henry V
During the Battle of Agincourt in 1415, Henry V wore the Black Prince’s Ruby set in his helmet’s crown. The ruby, large and prominent, made Henry a clear target on the battlefield.
In one of the most dramatic incidents, Henry was directly attacked by the French Duke of Alençon. Reports say the Duke struck Henry’s helmet with a battle axe, dangerously close to the ruby. Henry survived, leading his forces to victory.
This survival became a defining moment for both king and jewel. For many, the ruby’s presence at Agincourt symbolized resilience and even contributed to its mythos as a “cursed” but protective gem.
Other Historical Dangers
The Black Prince’s Ruby was also present during the Battle of Najera in 1367, worn by Edward, the Black Prince. It became part of royal regalia, passed through generations, enduring multiple periods of national crisis.
During Henry IV's reign, it was reportedly kept in the Tower of London when the monarchy faced instability and rebellion. The ruby later adorned Charles II’s state crown after the monarchy was restored, surviving yet another dramatic chapter.
Incidents like theft threats, political turmoil, and crown reconfigurations never displaced the stone. The ruby's continued survival through these events highlights its physical resilience and enduring place within royal symbolism.
Scientific Insights and Misconceptions
Many see the “Black Prince’s Ruby” as a captivating gemstone, famously embedded in the Imperial State Crown. Its long misidentification and the scientific facts about its composition clarify much of the myth and misunderstanding that surround it.
Identification as a Spinel
Although named a ruby, the stone known as the Black Prince’s Ruby is actually a large uncut red spinel. Spinel is a separate mineral from ruby, despite sharing a similar vibrant red color.
Modern gemological analysis provides clear distinctions between spinel and ruby. Spinels have a different chemical structure (MgAl₂O₄) and are usually found in the same geological environments as rubies but are not as rare.
The Black Prince’s Ruby is notable for its large size and irregular, cabochon shape. Scientists in recent centuries used methods like spectroscopy to distinguish it from true rubies, confirming its identity as spinel. This correction helped reclassify other historical “rubies” as spinels as well.
Mislabeling in History
Historical records show that, before the advent of advanced gemology, red gemstones were commonly called “rubies” regardless of mineral type. This led to many spinels being mistaken for rubies in royal collections and in famous jewels.
The Black Prince’s Ruby entered the English Crown Jewels in the 14th century under its misnomer, a reflection of the knowledge of that time. Lists and inventories from the Middle Ages did not differentiate between similar-looking red stones.
Modern mineralogy has since corrected these old designations. The discovery that this stone is actually a spinel reshaped how historians and gemologists interpret the origins and true nature of many famous gemstones. This case highlights the importance of accurate gemstone identification when evaluating historical jewels.
Famous Jewels and Parallel Cursed Stones
Throughout history, several famous gemstones and diamonds have earned reputations for bringing misfortune and intrigue to their owners. Their stories involve royal families, daring thefts, and sometimes tragic outcomes that have captured public imagination.
The Hope Diamond
The Hope Diamond is one of the world's most well-known gems, weighing approximately 45.52 carats and known for its deep blue color. Originating from India, it passed through the hands of French and British royalty before ending up at the Smithsonian Institution.
Reports of misfortune began when French merchant Jean-Baptiste Tavernier brought it to Europe, supposedly suffering ill fate subsequently. Owners like Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette were executed, and later holders claimed to experience loss and disaster. Today, the Hope Diamond is displayed to millions each year, with its supposed curse now part of its enduring mystique.
Details Hope Diamond Weight 45.52 carats Origin India Current Location Smithsonian Institution Notable Owners Louis XIV, Harry Winston
The Koh-i-Noor Diamond
The Koh-i-Noor Diamond, weighing 105.6 carats, is among the most recognized diamonds in the Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom. Its origins trace back to ancient India, where it changed hands through conquest and inheritance for centuries.
The diamond became associated with a curse after countless rulers who possessed it met violent ends or lost their power. In the 19th century, the British gained control of the stone and incorporated it into the Crown Jewels, where it remains on public display at the Tower of London. Only female members of the British royal family now wear it, following superstitions about its curse affecting male owners.
Key facts:
Origin: India
Weight: 105.6 carats
Current setting: Queen Mother's Crown
The Sancy Diamond and Regent Diamond
The Sancy Diamond is notable for its pale yellow color and a weight of about 55.23 carats. Believed to originate from India, it became part of the French Crown Jewels, once favored by kings and noblemen. Stories circulated about loss and theft, but no specific curse is widely accepted.
The Regent Diamond, discovered in India in 1698, weighs 140.64 carats. It was stolen, sold, and eventually set in the crown of King Louis XV. Napoleon Bonaparte later used it on his sword, and during political turmoil, it was hidden and almost went missing forever.
Both diamonds are renowned for their historical significance and links to royal intrigue. Unlike the Hope Diamond and Koh-i-Noor, legends of curses are less pronounced, but their turbulent histories still fascinate collectors and historians worldwide.
Modern Era and Continued Mystique
The Black Prince’s Ruby remains a prominent feature of Britain’s Crown Jewels, drawing attention both for its striking appearance and the persistent legends about its curse. Its story continues to fuel interest across royal ceremonies, popular culture, and even among collectors and historians.
Appearances in Contemporary Royal Events
Today, the Black Prince’s Ruby is set in the Imperial State Crown, which is worn by the British monarch during key occasions, including the coronation and the annual State Opening of Parliament. This display at the Tower of London allows millions to view the stone each year, reinforcing its status as a symbol of royal tradition.
Notably, during Queen Elizabeth II’s reign, the crown and the ruby became closely associated with her image as sovereign. The jewel has not changed hands as dramatically as other famous gems, such as the Cullinan Diamond or the Great Star of Africa, but its presence links past royal drama to modern events.
Unlike the Burmese ruby or other famous stones sourced in recent centuries, the Black Prince’s Ruby is not directly tied to known mining enterprises like the Premier Mine. Instead, its origins and the legends of a curse distinguish it from similar gems, such as the Second Star of Africa or decorative stones collected by celebrities like Elizabeth Taylor.
Public Fascination and Popular Culture
Interest in the Black Prince’s Ruby extends far beyond royal circles. Books, documentaries, and exhibitions often feature the stone, highlighting its reputation for mystery and danger. Lists of "cursed" jewels often include it alongside pieces like La Peregrina Pearl and famous sapphires such as the Star of India.
The ongoing speculation about its supernatural properties feeds into television and online discussions about the British Crown Jewels. Unlike gems with verifiable mining histories, such as those extracted by the British East India Company, the ruby’s earlier journey is steeped in legend, which only increases public fascination.
Collectors and gem enthusiasts sometimes compare the Black Prince’s Ruby with high-profile stones such as the Burmese ruby or the famed Star of India, interested in its unique lore. Its depiction in media and pop culture continues to cement its status as one of history’s most intriguing jewels.
